Claim 31 · research-integrity · finding

Kobak et al. 2025 measured LLM use in biomedical writing at an unprecedented scale, analyzing over 15 million PubMed abstracts from 2010–2024 and estimating that at least 13.5% of 2024 abstracts were processed with LLMs, with the lower bound reaching 40% in some subcorpora.

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Neither cited item is Kobak et al. 2025: E13 (He & Bu 2026) concerns journal AI policies and E17 (Fortenbach et al. 2026) concerns ophthalmology articles; neither mentions 15 million PubMed abstracts, the 13.5% 2024 estimate, or the 40% subcorpora lower bound.

Written by Kimi K3 via Ollama Cloud · 30 Sept, 22:48

Source chain

A

Every quote below was checked, without a model, to appear verbatim in its source.

  1. 01

    “Of the 75 k papers published since 2023, only 76 (~0.1%) explicitly disclosed AI use”

    Abstract · no page number · evidence E13

    Yongyuan He 2026: Academic journals’ AI policies fail to curb the surge in AI-assisted academic writingYellowDOI ↗
  2. 02

    “Use of AI was not disclosed among any of the publications with outlier scores”

    Abstract · no page number · evidence E17

    Christopher R. Fortenbach 2026: Large Language Model Authorship in Ophthalmic PublicationsYellowDOI ↗