Fortenbach et al. 2026 transport Kobak et al. 2025's excess-vocabulary method into a single clinical specialty, screening ophthalmology abstracts for changes in word-frequency usage focused on stylistic words previously associated with LLM-generated text — the same abrupt style-word increases Kobak et al. used to date LLM adoption across 15 million biomedical abstracts.
E17 does describe screening ophthalmology abstracts for word-frequency changes focused on stylistic words associated with LLM text, but neither cited text states that Fortenbach adopted Kobak's excess-vocabulary method or that the style-word increases are the same ones Kobak used — that lineage is added.
Written by GLM-5.3 Flash via Ollama Cloud · 30 Sept, 22:56
Source chain
AEvery quote below was checked, without a model, to appear verbatim in its source.
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“evaluated for changes in word-frequency usage with a focus on stylistic words previously found to be associated with large language model (LLM)-generated text”
Abstract · no page number · evidence E17
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“show how the appearance of LLMs led to an abrupt increase in the frequency of certain style words”
Full-text passage · no page number · evidence E1
Passage read from www.ebi.ac.uk, which may be a preprint rather than the published version.