Fortenbach et al. 2026 find that LLM-generated text is now common in ophthalmology: by 2025, 25.7% of sampled research articles and 21.6% of commentary articles carried AI-likelihood scores more than two standard deviations above baseline, and none of these outlier publications disclosed AI use.
The cited evidence is from Bietti & Bangerter and Kobak et al. and contains none of the Fortenbach et al. findings (25.7%/21.6% outlier scores, ophthalmology, non-disclosure) — the claim is matched to the wrong sources.
Written by GLM-5.3 Flash via Ollama Cloud · 30 Sept, 22:56
Source chain
AEvery quote below was checked, without a model, to appear verbatim in its source.
- 01
“A recent study [4] estimated that more than one in 10 biomedical papers published in 2024 contained AI-generated text, often without disclosure. Another, published in 2025, estimated rates of over 20% in some fields [5]”
Full-text passage · no page number · evidence E15
Passage read from www.ebi.ac.uk, which may be a preprint rather than the published version.
- 02
“at least 13.5% of 2024 abstracts were processed with LLMs”
Full-text passage · no page number · evidence E1
Passage read from www.ebi.ac.uk, which may be a preprint rather than the published version.